Current perspectives and clinical challenges in cholera management: An evidence-based review for nursing practice
Keywords:
Cholera, Vibrio cholerae, nursing practice, dehydration, oral rehydration therapy, epidemiology, infection prevention, public health, WASH, oral cholera vaccineAbstract
Background: Cholera remains a major global public health concern despite being a preventable and treatable infectious disease. Caused by Vibrio cholerae, it continues to produce substantial morbidity and mortality in regions with poor sanitation, inadequate access to safe water, humanitarian crises, and fragile healthcare systems. Nurses play a pivotal role in early recognition, prompt rehydration, infection prevention, patient education, and outbreak response. Aim: This review aimed to provide an evidence-based overview of the current perspectives on cholera, emphasizing its epidemiology, bacteriology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, prevention, and the critical role of nursing practice in improving patient outcomes and supporting public health interventions. Methods: A comprehensive narrative review of contemporary literature and international evidence was conducted. Current recommendations from global health authorities and peer-reviewed publications were synthesized to examine advances in cholera epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, clinical management, preventive strategies, and emerging challenges relevant to nursing care. Results: Cholera continues to affect approximately 2.9 million individuals annually and causes nearly 95,000 deaths worldwide, with the greatest burden occurring in Africa and other resource-limited settings. Disease transmission remains closely associated with contaminated water, inadequate sanitation, poverty, and humanitarian emergencies.
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