Classical educational philosophy in the evolution of nursing education: A literature review
Keywords:
classical educational philosophy, humanism, Indonesia, nursing education, professional ethicsAbstract
This literature review explores the influence of classical educational philosophy on the evolution of nursing education globally and in Indonesia. Drawing from the works of Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates, the study identifies how the moral, rational, and humanistic ideals of classical thought have shaped the foundations of professional and ethical nursing education. Using a qualitative literature review approach, this paper synthesizes scholarly sources related to philosophical foundations, historical development, and curriculum transformation in nursing education. The findings reveal that classical philosophy, emphasizing the harmony of intellectual, moral, and practical dimensions, continues to inform modern nursing education through values of compassion, moral responsibility, and professional integrity. In Indonesia, these philosophical roots are adapted within a contextual framework of local wisdom, spirituality, and national education policy. The study concludes that revisiting classical philosophical principles provides a robust conceptual framework for strengthening the character and humanistic orientation of nursing education worldwide.
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