Profile of antibiotics prescription pattern and their outcome in patients during COVID-19 treatment in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

Ibukun Jacob Akinkunmi; Ayodapo Oluwadare Jegede; Stella Chinyere Onyegasi; Benjamin Agbamudia; Anastacia Okwudili Ojimba; Adesuwa Queen Aigbokhaode; Francis Ugoeze; Victor Osiatuma; Efe Omoyibo; Kate Ugochi Akinkunmi; Sylvia Ifeoma Obu; Obianuju Jisieike; Majiroghene Uyoyoumaero Okpa; Ekedegwa Daniel Apeh

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v9n1.15596

Authors

Ibukun Jacob Akinkunmi Centre for Diseases Control and Research, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta state, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6913-8806
Ayodapo Oluwadare Jegede
dapojegede@oauife.edu.ng
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9061-3622
Stella Chinyere Onyegasi Pharmacy Drug information Center, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta state, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6755-3080
Benjamin Agbamudia Centre for Diseases Control and Research, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta state, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6335-685X
Anastacia Okwudili Ojimba Centre for Diseases Control and Research, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta state, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7740-6209
Adesuwa Queen Aigbokhaode Public Health Department, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta state, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-5396
Francis Ugoeze Centre for Diseases Control and Research, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta state, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1828-3404
Victor Osiatuma Centre for Diseases Control and Research, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta state, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3025-2471
Efe Omoyibo Centre for Diseases Control and Research, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta state, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1938-5725
Kate Ugochi Akinkunmi Infection Prevention and Control, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta state, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9111-5793
Sylvia Ifeoma Obu Molecular/Research Laboratory, Centre for Disease Control and Research Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta state, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2088-0580
Obianuju Jisieike Centre for Diseases Control and Research, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta state, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7168-8232
Majiroghene Uyoyoumaero Okpa Pharmacy Department, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta state, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3649-8914
Ekedegwa Daniel Apeh Pharmacy Department, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta state, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-8849

Keywords:

Antibiotics, COVID-19, Nigeria, prescriptions

Abstract

This study evaluated antibiotic prescription patterns and treatment outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19 patients at the Centre for Communicable Diseases, Control, and Research, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria, during the first and second waves of the pandemic. A retrospective review of 122 patient records examined demographic data, antibiotic use, dose regimen, hospitalization length, and comorbidities. The study aimed to determine antibiotic prescription patterns and treatment outcomes (primary outcomes) and identify factors predicting patient recovery (secondary outcomes). Chi-square analysis and Fisher's test were utilized to obtain the primary outcomes, and the secondary outcome was derived using regression analysis. A total of 299 antibiotics from ten classes were prescribed, with 98.4% of patients receiving azithromycin and penicillin/macrolides. Among the patients, 40 completed treatments at home, 53 had comorbidities, 19 died, and 100 recovered. Poor treatment outcomes were linked to older age, comorbidities, and multiple antibiotic combinations, while gender, hospitalization length, and antibiotic type did not significantly impact recovery. No significant differences were found in antibiotic prescriptions between patients with and without bacterial co-infections. These findings highlight the role of compromised immunity in poor outcomes and underscore the importance of evidence-based antibiotic use during outbreaks to enhance patient management and curb antimicrobial resistance.

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