Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the essential oil extracted from Leucas Martinicensis and larvicidal effect on Anopheles Gambiae Giles 1902

Souke Abraham; Bouba Theophile; Saotoing Pierre; Tchuenguem Fohouo Fernand-Nestor

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v9nS1.15786

Authors

Souke Abraham
soukeab@yahoo.fr
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Cameroon
Bouba Theophile Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Cameroon
Saotoing Pierre Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Cameroon
Tchuenguem Fohouo Fernand-Nestor Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon

Keywords:

Qualitative, quantitative, analysis, essential oil, Leucas martinicensis, larvicidal effect, Anopheles gambiae

Abstract

Objectives : The present work aimed to conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the essential oil of Leucas Martinicensis and to evaluate its larvicidal effect on Anopheles gambiae ss. Methods : The plant used was collected in Maroua in August 2023, the essential oil was obtained through hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. Phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard qualitative and quantitative methods. The tests involved evaluating the mortality of larvae following a methodology of the WHO. Results: Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the essential oil revealed the presence of various phytochemical constituents such as polyphenols (17.87±0.44g equivalent gallic acid/100g DM), terpenoids (30.62±0.6g equivalent lupeol/100g DM), flavonoids (13.61±0.38g equivalent quercetin/100g DM), tannins (8.83±0.23g equivalent catechin/100g DM), and saponins (5.94±0.51g equivalent galactose/100g DM). The results of biological tests showed strong larvicidal activity. Indeed, the essential oil killed 100% of the larvae at the following concentrations and times: 50ppm in 24 hours, 100ppm in 12 hours, 150ppm in 8 hours, and 200ppm and 250ppm in 6 hours. Conclusion : The presence of various phytochemicals suggests its potential as a natural source of bioactive compounds. The significant larvicidal activity observed from the essential oil indicates its possible application in the phytopharmaceutical industries.

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